A bone marrow transplant (BMT) is an advanced medical procedure used to treat severe blood disorders such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, and immune deficiencies. It involves replacing damaged or non-functioning bone marrow with healthy stem cells from the patient (autologous) or a compatible donor (allogeneic). This treatment is a powerful option for restoring the body’s ability to produce normal blood cells and strengthen the immune system. 

Bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue inside bones responsible for producing red and white blood cells and platelets. In certain diseases, the bone marrow fails to function properly, requiring a transplant of healthy stem cells capable of regenerating the blood-forming system.

This procedure typically involves high doses of chemotherapy or radiation to eliminate diseased bone marrow, followed by the infusion of healthy stem cells that migrate to the bone marrow and start producing new blood cells.