Total knee replacement (TKR), also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure performed to replace a damaged or worn-out knee joint with an artificial implant. This procedure is recommended for individuals suffering from severe knee pain, stiffness, and mobility issues due to conditions like osteoarthritis or injury. Knee replacement helps restore functionality, reduce pain, and improve quality of life.

Total knee replacement involves removing the damaged cartilage and bone from the knee joint and replacing them with metal and plastic components that function like a healthy knee. The procedure is performed under spinal or general anesthesia and typically takes 1 to 2 hours.

The artificial knee consists of:

• Metal femoral (thigh bone) component
• Plastic tibial (shin bone) component
• Plastic spacer for smooth movement

Depending on the patient's condition, the surgeon may perform:

• Total knee replacement (entire joint replaced).
• Partial knee replacement (only one part of the knee is replaced).