Hydrocephalus Shunt Placement

Hydrocephalus shunt placement is a neurosurgical procedure used to treat hydrocephalus, a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the brain’s ventricles. The procedure places a thin, flexible tube called a shunt to redirect fluid—most commonly from the brain to the abdomen helping reduce pressure on the brain and protect neurological function.

Hydrocephalus may occur in infants, children, or adults. It can result from congenital conditions, brain hemorrhage, infection such as meningitis, head injury, brain tumors, stroke, or blockage of CSF circulation. Symptoms vary by age and may include headache, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, balance problems, difficulty walking, seizures, changes in memory or behavior, drowsiness, and loss of bladder control. In infants, rapid head growth, a bulging fontanelle, poor feeding, and irritability may be present.

Diagnosis is based on a neurological assessment and brain imaging, usually CT or MRI, to identify enlarged ventricles and the underlying cause. Hydrocephalus shunt placement is performed under general anesthesia. The neurosurgeon inserts a catheter into the brain ventricle, connects it to a valve that controls fluid flow, and routes the shunt under the skin to another part of the body, usually the abdomen. Follow-up is essential to monitor recovery and check for possible shunt blockage, infection, or malfunction.