Laser Lithotripsy (Endoscopic Stone Removal)

Laser lithotripsy, also known as endoscopic stone removal, is commonly used to treat stones in the kidney or ureter. A thin endoscope is passed through the natural urinary passage to reach the stone. A specialized laser is then used to break the stone into small fragments that can either be removed with a small basket or pass naturally through the urine.

The procedure is suitable for many types and sizes of urinary stones, depending on their location and the patient's individual condition. In some cases, a temporary ureteral stent may be placed after the procedure to support urine drainage and allow the ureter to heal.

Common Symptoms of Urinary Stones:

• Severe pain in the side, back, or lower abdomen

• Pain that may radiate toward the groin

• Blood in the urine

• Pain or burning during urination

• Frequent or urgent urination

• Nausea or vomiting

• Difficulty passing urine

• Fever or chills, which may indicate an infection and require urgent medical assessment

Common Causes & Risk Factors:

• Low fluid intake and dehydration

• High levels of certain minerals in the urine

• Recurrent urinary tract infections

• Family history of kidney stones

• Certain dietary habits

• Obesity or metabolic conditions

• Some medications or medical conditions

Diagnosis usually involves a medical history, physical examination, urine and blood tests, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans to determine the stone's size, location, and possible obstruction.

Treatment depends on the stone's size, location, symptoms, and the patient's overall health. Small stones may pass naturally with adequate hydration and appropriate medication. Larger stones or stones causing persistent pain, obstruction, infection, or other complications may require intervention.

During laser lithotripsy, a ureteroscope is guided through the urinary tract to the stone. The laser breaks the stone into smaller pieces, which may be removed using specialized instruments or allowed to pass naturally. A ureteral stent may be placed temporarily when clinically necessary.

The procedure is minimally invasive and generally allows a relatively quick recovery, although recovery time varies according to the size and number of stones, the procedure performed, and the patient's condition.